Lame duck Biden could still have an impact

But the 81-year-old, smarting from the humiliation of having to drop his reelection bid, could still influence the success of Vice President Kamala Harris's campaign and push to resolve key foreign policy issues.

"We're not quite lame duck. It's wounded duck," Peter Loge, director of George Washington University's School of Media and Public Affairs, told AFP.

All US presidents leaving office face a period of limbo between election day in November and inauguration day in January.

For Biden, however, an unusually long period of some 100 days looms when voters, politicians and foreign leaders will all have their eyes on the horizon instead of on him.

Yet Biden's pledge in his stepping-down letter on Sunday to "focus solely on fulfilling my duties as president for the remainder of my term" does not have to be an empty one.

On Monday, in a call to his campaign headquarters, which have now transitioned to supporting Harris, Biden promised to remain "fully engaged."

"I've got six months left in my presidency and I'm determined to get as much done as I possibly can, both foreign policy and domestic policy," he said.

He pledged to keep working at "lowering costs for families, continue to speak out on guns and child care, elder care, prescription drugs and climate."

In addition to presidential duties, Loge said Biden will want "to do things that set Vice President Harris up for success."

Crucially, Biden can still appoint judges who could then stay in place for decades.

This remains a key lever of power in a deeply polarized country where an increasingly politicized judiciary decides on issues like women's rights and abortion.

"He has a real incentive to end strong, so that Harris can look strong until November" as she faces Republican former president Donald Trump, added Loge.

Foreign affairs

With seemingly intractable wars raging in Gaza and Ukraine, Biden may also turn his focus abroad for his final days in the Oval Office.

In his call Monday, Biden promised "to keep working for an end to the war in Gaza."

"I'll be working very closely with the Israelis and with the Palestinians to try to work out how we can get the Gaza war to end, and Middle East peace, and get all those hostages home," Biden said.

David Karol, who teaches government and politics at the University of Maryland, told AFP he expects "that Biden will concentrate on foreign affairs."

"Presidents have made major moves in foreign policy in the lame duck phase," he said, citing among others George H.W. Bush's decision to remove US troops from Somalia in the dying days of his one-term presidency.

A major prize would be a ceasefire in Gaza, which Israel has pounded since the October 7 attacks by Hamas.

Biden risks highlighting his lame-duck status with a planned meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week -- if his recovery from Covid allows it.

The two leaders have had strained relations over Netanyahu's conduct of the war.

But a deal would be "helpful" to Harris's candidacy "because that issue has proven divisive in the Democratic Party," said Karol. "And she's maybe a little less tied to the policy than he is."

On Ukraine, Biden may be keen to secure the multi-billion-dollar aid package for Kyiv's fight against Russia, amid fears that if Republican Donald Trump wins he could abandon it.

The one final power that an outgoing president can wield is potentially the most sweeping, but also the most controversial -- the presidential pardon.

Biden's beloved but troubled son Hunter was convicted in June on charges of lying about his drug addiction while buying a handgun, and faces up to 25 years in prison.

Candidate Biden pledged not to pardon 54-year-old Hunter or commute any sentence -- but his thinking could change post drop out, and in an election race like no other in modern US history, anything is possible.