The proposed therapeutic indication for Exubera is for the treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not adequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents and requiring insulin therapy, and for the treatment of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, in addition to long or intermediate acting subcutaneous insulin, for whom the potential benefits of adding inhaled insulin outweigh the potential safety concerns.
Exubera, the product of a joint development program between sanofi-aventis and Pfizer, is an inhaled rapid-acting insulin preparation that is inhaled into the lungs prior to each meal, using a proprietary inhalation device and powdered insulin formulation developed by Nektar Therapeutics.
Exubera closely mimics the normal physiological insulin response to meals by quickly being absorbed into the bloodstream to reduce meal-related spikes in glucose levels in people with diabetes.
In Europe, approximately 22.5 million people suffer from diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 85 percent to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases.
Although insulin is a very important treatment for diabetes, healthcare providers and patients are often reluctant to initiate or intensify insulin treatment.
The reasons for this include concerns about lifestyle changes, compliance, disease progression and injection-related factors.
Complications commonly associated with uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes include cardiovascular disease, kidney failure and blindness.
A large study in eight major European countries has shown that the total direct medical costs for type 2 diabetes are estimated to be 29 billion euros each year, of which hospitalizations account for 15.9 billion euros.
Pending approval of the European Commission, Exubera would represent a major advance in insulin delivery and would be the first non-injectable insulin available in the Europe since the discovery of insulin in the1920s.
Sanofi-aventis is the world’s third largest pharmaceutical company, ranking number one in Europe.
Backed by a world-class R&D organization, sanofi-aventis is developing leading positions in seven major therapeutic areas: cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, oncology, metabolic diseases, central nervous system, internal medicine, vaccines.